Gap Filling

যে কোন gap পুরণের জন্য দুটি বিষয় গুরুত্বপূর্ণ । যথাঃ

1. Meaning and 2. Grammatical form

Right Meaning বিশিষ্ট Word নির্বাচনের জন্য gap এর context দেখতে হয় ।

অর্থাৎ, আগের ও পরের অন্যান্য Word এর অর্থ অনুসারে gap এর Word নির্বাচন করতে হয়। যেমনঃ

We need ———– to operate a computer. উপরের gap টি পুরণের জন্য ‘skill’ Word টি প্রয়োজন এবং তা বোঝা যাচ্ছে sentenceএর অন্যান্য Word এর অর্থ থেকে।

Word এর Grammatical form ঠিক রাখার জন্য প্রথমে gap position নির্ণয় করে নিতে হয় এবং gap এর জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় Word class (noun, verb etc) নিশ্চিত করতে হয়।

তারপর information/clue কে সঠিক Grammatical form এ ব্যবহার করে gap পূরণ করতে হয় ।

Gap filling with clues

Gap filling with clues এ যে gap দেয়া থাকে, তা পুরণের জন্য উপরে Box এর মধ্যে information/clue দেয়া থাকে।

এই information/clue ব্যবহার করে gap পুরণ করতে হয়।

এ জন্য প্রথমে gap position নির্ণয় করে gap এর জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় Word class (noun, verb etc) নির্বাচন করতে হয়।

তারপর Box এর মধ্য থেকে information/clue বাছাই করে তা দিয়ে gap পূরণ করতে হয়।

তবে অনেক সময় Box এ থাকা information এবং gap এ প্রয়োজনীয় Word class এর মধ্যে ভিন্নতা থাকে।

তাই Box এর information/clue কে প্রয়োজন মতো grammatical change করে gap এ লিখতে হয়।

Gap filling without clues

আবার Gap filling without clues এ  যে  gap দেয়া থাকে, তা পুরণের জন্য কোন information/clue দেয়া থাকে না ।

তাই নিজের জানা শব্দ ব্যবহার করে এই gap গুলী পূরণ করতে হয়।

এ ক্ষেত্রেও সঠিকভাবে gap position নির্ণয় করে নিতে হয়।

Gap position নির্ণয় এর সহজ নিয়ম

1. Determiner +—-

List of determiners: a, an, the, this, that, those, these, my, our, your, his, her, their, its, any, many, some, no, few, all, every 

এ সকল determiners এর পরের  gap নীচের পদ্ধতিতে পূরণ করতে হবে।

i. noun I saw a ——— on the road.

Ans. man/boy/cow/girl

ii. verb +ing The —–of a car is easy.

Ans. driving

Note: তবে gap এর পরে noun/verb + ing থাকলে gap এ adjective হবে | যেমনঃ

Some ——-boys are playing.

Ans.little/small/smart/handsome/young

আবার gap এর পরে ‍adj থাকলে gap এ adverb হবে।যেমনঃ

They work in a ——large factory.

Ans. very -adverb

এছাড়া, gap এর পরে ‍adverb থাকলে gap এ very, really, so etc. adverb হবে।যেমনঃ

Mandela was a ——very great leader. Ans. really

iii. of – Determiner —determiner (The first determiner becomes a pronoun.)

Many ——-the students are present.

Ans. of

 Examples: 

Many (a)-------in our country are poor. They have no (b) ------.The (c) ----- of these people is very difficult. They need our (d)-----because they are helpless. If they get any (e)------assistance, they will be able to change their (f) --------bad condition. Some (g)--------- the (h) --------- poor people can start a (i) ------- of their (j) ---------. 

2. Predeterminer (many/all)+——-

i. Many + a/an

Many——–man is here.

Ans. a

ii. All + the/my, our, your, his, her,their, its

All ——students are present.

Ans. the

Examples: There are a number of flower plants in Mahin's garden. All (a) ------- plants have grown up. Many (b) ------a plant has begun to bloom. She will be very happy when all (c) ------plants will produce flowers.  

3. Preposition +—–

List of common prepositions:  at, on, in, before, after, among, behind, between, in front of, next to, beside, by, over, above, under, below, to, for, with, without, by, beside, from, into, since, like, as,  during, till, until, through, across, along, down, over, off, round, around   

i. noun

Shila came here for—-.

Ans. education

iii. verb +ing

The writer was busy in ——a difficult composition.

Ans. writing

তবে gap এর পরে noun/verb+ing থাকলে adjective হবে।

Shila came here for—-learng.

Ans. better

আবার gap এর পরে ‍adj থাকলে gap এ adverb বা determiner হবে।যেমনঃ

i. We are waiting for ——good day.

Ans. a -Determiner

ii. We work in a ——large factory. Ans. very– adverb

ii. pronoun এর objective form

Many people are poor. We should do something for ——-.

Ans. them

Note: to সর্বদা Preposition হয়না। preposition হলে উপরের নিয়ম প্রযোজ্য হয়।

অন্যথায় infinitive (to +verb) হয়। যেমনঃ

I went there to ——— my mother.

Ans. see 

Example:

4. auxiliary +———

i. Be verb+—–

Be verbs: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been  

i. Verb +ing – active voice

Example: Jerry was —–wood in the afternoon.

Ans. chopping

ii. past participle – passive voice

Example: The window glass was ——-with a stone.

Ans. broken

Note: Be verb auxiliary হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে উপরের নিয়মগুলী প্রযোজ্য।

কিন্তু main verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এরা সবাই linking verb ।

তখন এদের পরে আর ব্যবহার করা যায়না।

সে ক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মগুলী প্রযোজ্য হয়।

i. adjective – condition of subject You must be —–to animals.

Ans. kind -adj

ii. noun-identity of subject The boy was ——.

Ans. jerry

ii. Have verb+ ———-

Have verbs: have, has, had, having

i. past participle – active voice

Example: I have ———— my home task.

Ans. completed

Note: তবে gap এর পরে ‍past participle থাকলে gap এ yet, recently, already etc. adverb হবে।যেমনঃ She has ——finished her work.

Ans. already

ii. been+ past participle– passive voice

The book has —–for class nine.

Ans. been written

Note: Have verb auxiliary হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে উপরের নিয়মগুলী প্রযোজ্য।

কিন্তু main verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এরা সবাই Transitive verb ।

তখন এদেরকে Transitive verb এর নিয়মে ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

iii. Do (not) + ————–

Do verbs: do, does, did

i. Verb1

Example: Many students do not ———–the classes.

Ans. attend

Note: Do verbs auxiliary হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে উপরের নিয়মগুলী প্রযোজ্য।

কিন্তু main verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এরা সবাই Transitive verb ।

তখন এদেরকে Transitive verb এর নিয়মে ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

iv. modal auxiliary+ ———-.

Modal auxiliaries: can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, have to, used to, had better, would rather

i. Verb1- active voice

Nila could——–well but she could not dance.  

Ans. sing

তবে gap এর পরে verb থাকলে adverb হবে। যেমনঃ

We should —- help the helpless people.

Ans. obviously

ii. be + past participle – passive voice

Steps should ——against corruption.

Ans. be taken.

5. Transitive verb —–

List of transitive verbs: see, get, find, read, write, lose, eat, drink, have, make, destroy, create, learn, forget, do, close, open

Note: Transitive verbs দুইভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 1. Active voice 2. Passive voice

Active voice এর subject active অর্থাৎ, কাজটি সে সম্পাদন করে। এতে verb এর সাধারণ tense form ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমনঃ

Boys play cricket. -active

আর Passive voice এর subject non-active অর্থাৎ, কাজটি সে সম্পাদন করে না। এতে be +verb3 ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমনঃ

Football is played everywhere in the world.

Active voice এর gap নিচের নিয়মে পূরণ করতে হবে।

i. noun/verb+ing Example: Mandela disliked———— in all forms.

Ans. discrimination

Note: তবে gap এর পরে noun/verb+ing থাকলে adjective/determiner হবে। যেমনঃ

a. We must create ——situations in the class.

Ans. friendly-adj

b. Tereshkova got ——-trainings after her selection.

Ans. many/a number of/a series of

ii. love, like, stop, avoid, hate + verb+ing

You must avoid ——-in the class.

Ans. gossiping

iii. want, expect, desire love, like + to + verb

Most people want—-wealth.

Ans. to get

iv. pronoun (objective form)

Many students are weak. We should help—— understand their lessons.

Ans. them

Passive voice এর gap নিচের নিয়মে পূরণ করতে হবে।

i. be —— ans. verb3

Rice is —–in Bangladesh.

Ans. cultivated

ii. subject —–v3 Ans. be verb

Rice—–cultivated in Bangladesh.

Ans. is

iii. be verb +v3 —— Ans. Preposition/adverb

Geetanjoli was written——Tagore. Ans. by

6. Intransitive verb ——–

List of transitive verbs: come, go, sit, stand, sleep, run, lie, talk, swim, dive, walk, stop, laugh, cry, shout, fly, fall

i. adv Shila walks ———.

Ans. slowly -adv

তবে gap এর পরে adverb থাকলেও adverb হবে।

ii. preposition Beauty lies —-pleasurable objects.

Ans. in – preposition

7. Linking verb ——–

List of linking verbs: Be, am, is, are, was, were, look, seem,  appear, feel, remain, seem, sound, become, get, go, grow, turn

i. noun -identity of subject Tereshkova was a ——-.

Ans. cosmonaut

ii. adj -subject এর অবস্থা বা বৈশিষ্ট্য She was ————in skydiving.

Ans. skilled

Note : gap এর পরে ‍adj থাকলে gap এ very, so, more, most, less ইত্যাদি adverb হবে।যেমনঃ

He was ——— confident.

Ans. more/less/very

iii. preposition– subject এর অবস্থান I was —— my room.

Ans. in

8. Adjective ——–

i. Noun You can enjoy natural ——- in Cox’s Bazar sea beach.

Ans. beauty-noun

তবে gap এর পরে noun থাকলে preposition হবে।যেমনঃ

The man was blind ——— one eye.

Ans. in –prep

ii. infinitive It is important ——- education.

Ans. to attain – infinitive

9. Noun/pronoun(subj)——–

 i. Active voice – verb (tense form)

Jitu ———the work in time.

Ans. finished – verb

তবে gap এর পরে verb থাকলে auxiliary বা adverb হবে। যেমনঃ

a. A university ——impart quality education.

Ans. should/must -auxiliary

b. He —-go to office by bus.

Ans. usually-adv

ii. Passive voice – be + verb3 – Higher education ——– in universities.

Ans. is imparted

তবে gap এর পরে verb থাকলে auxiliary বা adverb হবে। যেমনঃ

a. A university ——impart quality education.

Ans. should/must -auxiliary

b. He —-go to office by bus.

Ans. usually-adv

10. Noun/pronoun(not subj)——-

i. past participle —-preposition I bought a book ———from England.

Ans. published/imported – past participle

ii. preposition + noun/pronoun You have heard the story ———- Byezid Bostami.

Ans. of – prep

iii. adverb gap 4th position হলে She was reading a book —–.

Ans. attentively – adv

iv. infinitive We read stories— pleasure.

Ans. to get – infinitive

v. let, make, bid + noun/pronoun + —–V1

None can make me ———-this.

Ans. do

vi. Verb + ing

The teacher scolded the boy ———- the class.

Ans. disturbing

11. Relative pronoun

Relative pronoun: who, which, that

i. verb

I have a bag which ———- costly. 

Ans. is

তবে gap এর পরে verb থাকলে  noun or pronoun subject  হবে। যেমনঃ

He lost his bag which ———-bought yesterday. 

Ans. he

12. Adverb + ———-

i. (lv + adv) adjective – Mila was very ———— at mathematics.   Ans. good

ii. (Subj + adv —) verb – Sejan really ———– smoking. Ans. dislikes

13. Conjunction + ———

i. when, since, as, though, although, if, because

noun/pronoun subject

He went out when ——– was raining.

Ans. it

ii. and, but, or + ——–

a. gap এর পরে verb থাকলে – noun/pronoun Subject

I saw him but ——did not notice. Ans. he

b. gap এর পরে verb না থাকলে – verb

Minu came and ——him. Ans. saw/met/helped

14. ————- subject

i. ———word, subject

v+ ing

———–in village, we can get many benefits.

Ans. Living

ii. ———-word, subject

Preposition

———–many countries, education is free.

Ans. In

iii. ——–, – adverb ———–, Mandela became a world leader.

Ans. Eventually

15. Here/there ———Verb + subject

There—–a boy in the room. Ans. was – verb  

Where there is beauty, there is ——–.

Ans. Truth -subject

Gap এর পরের Word বিবেচনা করে gap পূরণের নিয়মঃ

1.—Noun -predeterminer/determiner/adj/prepostion/verb/noun

Examples: i. We should help ——the students of our class. Ans. all– predeterminer

ii. I saw ——-boys in the field. Ans. some – determiner

iii. Mandela was a ——–man. Ans. bold– adj

iv. Many people depend ——–agriculture. Ans. on – prep

v. He ——discrimination. Ans. hated – verb

vi. Mandela hated ——discrimination. Ans. race -noun

2.——-Adjective -linking verb/adverb/noun complement

Examples: i. Chawla ——determined to become an astronaut. Ans. was -LV

ii. She was —-courageous. Ans. very– adv

iii. I found the ——- clean. Ans. room -noun complement

3.——– verb -auxiliary/subject/adverb/to

Examples: i. Education ——– make us fit for work. Ans. can -auxiliary

ii. ——-charms all. Ans. Beauty-noun

iii. Beauty ——— attracts our sensitivity. Ans. obviously/surely-adv

iv. Our freedom fighters sacrificed their lives —– free the country. Ans. to

4.——–adverb-verb/adverb/obj

Examples: i. A snail can —-slowly. Ans. move -verb

ii. A rocket can fly ——-fast. Ans. very – adv

iii. I hate——- profoundly. Ans. discrimination – object

5.——–preposition -verb/adj/noun

Examples: i. The man ——-in a small room. Ans. lived-verb

ii. Tereshkova was —— in aeronautics. Ans. interested/skilled

iii. I have no —— for golf. Ans. liking– noun

এছাড়াও Master key ব্যবহার করে সহজেই Gap Filling করা যায়।

carry	provide	lasting	essential	adopt	define
make	basic	shelter	enhance	protect	aware

Education is one of the (a) ——– needs of a human being and is (b) ——– for every kind of development. It enables us (c) ——–right choices in life.It (d) ——   our ability to raise crops, store food, (e) ——– the environment and (f) ——– out our social responsibilities. It (g) ——– us with an enlightened (h) ——– about things. But education has to be (i) ——-. It is not merely getting degrees form schools, colleges and universities. It is something (j) ——–, more humane.

(a) basic        : position -3 – det + attributive adj + noun

(b) essential  : position -3- LV + predicative adj

(c) to make   : position – 4- VR + to + verb (infinitive)

(d) enhances : position -2 – Subj + verb(Pr I  3^rd person singular)

(e) protect     : position-4 –VR + to + verb

(f) carry         : position- 4 –VR + to + verb

(g) provides   : position- position -2 – Subj + verb(Pr I  3^rd person singular)

(h) awareness : position- 4 – preposition +( det + adj) noun

(i) defined       : position-2 – Modal + be + pp (passive)

(j) more lasting: position-3- LV + predicative adj

Examples for practice of

Gap filling with clues

1.    Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box. Make any grammatical changes, if necessary. There are more words than you need.

growth	wife	income	cost	day to day	okay	intend
astonish	share	expensive	ability	pretty	rented	goal

 Hellow, my name is Charles Karoro and I am a banker. My salary is (a) _____ but the (b) _____expenses in Nairobi are (c) _____high. Both housing and food are (d) _____ in the capital. I have (e) _____ an apartment but it is really too small for my family. Of course it doesn’t have a garden. So my (f) _____ Maria, who loves gardening, can’t (g) _____ anything. She can’t go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children. So the whole family depends on my (h) _____ alone. I have great hopes for my children and would like to send them to a good school. But good schools are very (i) _____. I am not sure how much I will be able to help them. Moreover, I am often in a fix about whether I should (j) _____ my income with my brothers in the village.

2.    Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. (Make any grammatical change if necessary). There are more words than you need:

add	breathe	need	plant	prevent	preserve
produce	protect	provide	take	give	wash

Trees are very useful for human beings. They (a) _____ the rich top soil from being (b) _____ away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) _____ along mountain slopes, on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) _____ life to a place with their colorful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) _____ shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f) _____ in carbon-di-oxide and (g) _____ oxygen. As you know, by now man (h) _____ oxygen to (i) _____ and live. Trees are our best friends. We should (j) _____ them and plant more trees around us.                                     

3.    Fill in the gaps with suitable word form the box. (Make any grammatical change if necessary). There are more words in the box than you need:

with	improve	not	mean	maintain	upon	stop
take	easily	than	keep	depend	raise	avoid

Overeating (a) _____ taking too much food (b) _____ one needs. We eat (c) _____ to overload our stomach but to (d) _____ a sound health. A sound health (e) _____ on eating habit to some extent. Overeating tells (f) _____ our health. By (g) _____ awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) _____. With, a view to (i) _____ our body fit, we should (j) _____ taking too much food.

4.    Fill in the gaps with a suitable word form the box. (Make any grammatical changes if necessary). There are more words in the box than you need:

joyful	eager	remain	want	gift	flood	invite
amity	elder	favorite	festive	delightful	shy

Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a) _____ on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys become over (b) _____. They become very (c) _____ to have wishes from their beloved persons. Whole day they (d) _____ to spend times in joys. Usually a child on her birthday gets up early and tries to (e) _____ close to her presents. It becomes a (f) _____ day, if she is presented anything very (g) _____ to her. Children also want to have their friends (h) _____ to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i) _____. We should try to keep the children always in a (j) _____ mind.

5.    Fill in the gaps with a suitable words form the box. Make any grammatical changes if necessary. There are more words in the box than you need.

prediction	global	bring	extinction	undergo	action	waste
unnecessary	pollute	avoid	temperatures	suitable	rise	cruelly

       The disposal of various kinds of (a) _____ is seriously polluting the environment. The world’s climate is (b) _____ a significant change. (c) _____ warming is the cause of the increase of heat in the atmosphere. The climatologists (d) _____ that it will be difficult to find a (e) _____ place to live in. Every year millions of people all over the world die (f) _____ as a result of (g) _____. These unfortunate and (h) _____ deaths are (i) _____about by four specific factors. We should take determined (j) _____ to control these problems.

Gap filling Without clues

1.    Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box. (make any grammatical changes if necessary). There are more words in the box than you need:

Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _____ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _____ to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) _____. At this the king got (d) _____ and condemned him to (e) _____ saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _____ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) _____. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) _____ the astrologer said, “The stars (i) _____ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _____ away, let him not come here again.”

2.    Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the following list. There are more words in the list than you need. Sometimes you have to make grammatical change.

 Animals must be able to (a) _____ themselves from enemies in order to (b) _____. Different animals have (c) _____ ways. Some animals have ‘protective coppering’’ that is their (d) _____ changes to match their (e) _____. The common tree toad changes (f) _____ gray to green when it (g) _____ from the trunk of a tree to a green (h) _____. Similarly the dead-leaf butterfly (i) _____ being seen by its enemies because if (j) _____ like a dry leaf.

3.    Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box. (Make any grammatical change if necessary). There are more words in the box than you need:

There are many people in our country who have a conservative (a) _____. Quite early in life they learn to (b) _____ that everything in this world was (c) _____. They think all that happens to them was (d) _____ by God. From this belief the poor generally accept their (e) _____. They also accept all their (f) _____ and sufferings without trying much to overcome them. They also (g) _____ a firm belief that those who (h) _____ sufferings in this world will be (i) _____ rewarded in the next world. They also have the same sort of (j) _____ towards illness and disease.

4.    Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box (make any grammatical change if necessary.) There are more words in the box than you need.

It seems hard to believe that I’ve been in Savar for a whole month now! I promised to write and tell you haw I was (a) _____. So here goes. When I first got here I just couldn’t get used to the (b) _____ of life. Now, though, I am learning to take things (c) _____ I am beginning to feel at home. You can’t imagine how (d) _____ the university campus is. Its very large, very green and (e) _____ the best campus in the country. It’s (f) _____ wonderful. My first (g) _____ of the students and teachers here is that they are really (h) _____ and helpful. And the (i)_____ is wonderful. As you know, I am staying in a hall of (j) _____ but life here is so different particularly if you are used to home comfort.